=============================================================================
                 MAP EDITING FAQ v0.1 BY BRETT GMOSER
=============================================================================

CONTENTS:

0: About this FAQ
        0.1 Who made ALL This?
          0.1.1 How do I contact the author?
        0.2 What you should have gotten
        0.3 Revision History
        0.4 Thank-you's and Credits
1: Information & Other Stuff
        1.1 What are maps?
          1.1.1 What else can I do with MAP files?
          1.1.2 Can I extract the original .MAP files from the game?
        1.2 What do I use to make maps?
          1.2.1 Can I make maps other games?
2: Making Levels, basic
        2.1 Ok, I have the editor, how do I use this thing?
        2.2 First levels suck 
        2.3 Your basic, one-sector, horrible level
        2.4 Your basic, two-sector, horrible level
        2.5 Your basic, two-sector, not-so-horrible level
          2.5.1 Floor/ceiling heights
          2.5.2 Changing textures
              2.5.2.1 Panning and stuff
          2.5.3 Skies
          2.5.4 Shading
          2.5.5 Slopes
3: Onto the cool stuff
        3.1 Intro
        3.2 Hitags and Lotags
        3.3 Sector Effectors
        3.4 Locators
        3.5 Music & SFX
        3.6 Checklist
4: Your not-so basic, awesome level
        4.1 Intro
        4.2 Teleporters
        4.3 Water
        4.4 Lifts
        4.5 Glass
        4.6 Vents
        4.7 Security Cameras
        4.8 Regular, DOOM-Type Doors
        4.9 Collapsible Bridges/Bridges
        4.10 Dukematch/Co-op ONLY Stuff
        4.11 Fun With C-9 (Includes how to blow holes in walls)
        4.12 Swinging Doors
        4.13 Rooms Over Rooms
        4.14 Sliding Star Trek Doors
        4.15 Splitting Star Trek Doors
        4.16 Teeth Doors
        4.17 Auto-Closing Doors
        4.18 Nuke Buttons
        4.19 Secret Areas
        4.20 Sound List
        4.21 Mirrors
        4.22 Conveyor Belts/Water Current
        4.23 Gears
        4.24 Subways
        4.25 Colored Lights
        4.26 Demo Cameras
        4.27 Co-op/Dukematch Starting Points
        4.28 Facts on dimensions
==============
ABOUT THIS FAQ
==============
0.1 Who made ALL this?
        My name is Brett Gmoser (silent G).  I have a lot of free time on
        my hands.  I am a hard core Duke 3D fan, and I've played it non-stop 
        since the day it came out.  I made levels for Wolf 3d, DOOM, DOOM ][, 
        HeXen and ROTT, so I figured, hey, why not make Duke 3D levels?  Well, 
        I got my CD 2 days after it started shipping, and as soon as I fired 
        up the editor, I, just like you, figured out just how complicated Duke 
        levels can be.  I spent day and night (really) figuring stuff out.  As 
        it ended up, after just three days I found that I had a knack for 
        making Duke levels.  I have 2 ISPs, and as I surfed through to Duke 3D 
        Editing folders on AOL, compuserve and the Apogee BBS, I saw people 
        were having trouble.  So I decided to make this FAQ!
        0.1.1 Ho do I contact the author?
                Well, I prefer to get email through my internet account,
                and the address there is "gmoser@gramercy.ios.com".  I'm also
                on AOL, my screen name there is "GutenTag11".  You can find me 
                on the 3D Realms BBS as "gmozmer".
                Here is a list of my current web sites:
                http://gramercy.ios.com/~gmoser/duke3d/
                My Duke 3D Site.  Pretty good, if you ask me. :)
                http://users.aol.com/gutentag11/cheats.htm
                A page with lots of cheat codes, offers my program which is
                called CHEATS!.
                I wouldn't DARE give out the rest of the addresses because they
                all suck....:)
0.2 What you should have gotten 
        In addition to this file (MAPFAQ01.FAQ), you should have gotten the
        following things in the ZIP file (MAPFAQ01.ZIP):
        TELEPORT.MAP
        WATER.MAP
        LIFTS.MAP
        GLASS.MAP
        CAMERA.MAP
        BRIDGE.MAP
        HOLE.MAP
        SWDOOR.MAP
        SOS.MAP
        SLSTDOOR.MAP
        SPSTDOOR.MAP
        TDOOR.MAP
        MIRROR.MAP
        CONVEYOR.MAP
        SUBWAY.MAP
        CLITES.MAP

0.3 Revision history
        Well, since this is the first version of the FAQ, there is no revision
        yet.  Look for this section in future versions of this FAQ.  Bet you
        can't wait! :)
0.4 Thank-you's and Credits                    
        First, I would like to thank 3D Realms for such a great game. Thank
        you also to all the people that gave me support, and the people that
        have this FAQ posted on their web page.  I would like to give credit
        to Per-Erik Nilsson for the dimensions facts, and tempest for making
        great tutorials on how to make Star Trek Doors.

        Thanks Guys!

=========================
1: Information About Maps
=========================
        
1.1 What are maps?
        Maps are user levels for Duke Nukem 3D.  They are in the same format
        as the actual levels, and are fully customizable as far as levels go.
        Map files are not only for Duke 3D, but the same format is used for all
        of the games that use the Build engine.  Build allows for many new things
        like moving sectors, rotating sectors, parallaxing skies, slopes, and
        lots of other stuff.  The possibilities are endless!
        0.1.1 What else can I do with MAP files?
                Well, not much else.  MAP files are not like DOOM's system where
                you had WADs and PWADs.  MAP files can only take in levels.
        0.1.2 Can I extract the original .MAP files from the game?
                Yes, you can.  In the \goodies\build directory of your Duke 3D CD,
                there is a program called KEXTRACT.  Copy it to your Duke 3D 
                directory and use the following command:
                KEXTRACT DUKE3D.GRP *.MAP
                This will extract all the original levels.  Look at them and
                see how much work was put into them...boy! :)
1.2 What do I use to make maps?
        Currently, the only editor for build is BUILD by 3D Realms.  It is the
        official editor and was used to make all the real levels.  How does one
        obtain this editor you ask?  That's simple.  BUILD is on the CD that
        registered Duke 3D comes on in the directory \goodies\build.
        0.2.1 Can I make maps for other games?
                No, not really.  BUILD is made specially for Duke Nukem 3D.
                You could probably make a simple one-roomer with no objects
                or sprites, but nothing that good.

=======================
2: MAKING LEVELS, BASIC
=======================

2.1 Ok, I have the editor, how do I use this thing?
        Yes, at first, BUILD looks VERY complicated.  It is used by with the
        keyboard.  Since you have the actual editor, and not a pirated editor,
        you should have BUILDHLP.EXE in the \goodies\build directory of your
        CD.  It's the official BUILD handbook, please read this ENTIRE thing
        to learn the basic keyboard commands.
2.2 First levels suck!
        Lets face it, your first level IS going to suck.  This happens to 
        everybody. I HIGHLY reccomend you make you first level suck on purpose.
        This will get you used to the format and the way of doing things in
        BUILD.  So lets get started on our first horrible level!
2.3 Your basic, one-sector, horrible level
        Now that you've read everything above this, it's time to make your 
        first level.  We'll start off very basic, and move on to the cool 
        stuff.  First, we'll make a one-sector room.  Here's how:
        First, make sure you are in 2D mode.  (Since you've read BUILDHLP,
        you know how to get there)   Position the cursor somewhere on the 
        grid.  BUILD automatically starts you out in the lower-right corner.
        You shouldn't worry about this.....yet.  Press the space bar to enter
        line-draw mode.  Move the mouse around, see what happens.  Nothing
        special, except that when you press the space bar again, this is where
        the next line will start.  For now, we'll just make a square room.
        If you want, when you're done, you can position the cursor on one of
        the vertexes, hold the left mouse button and drag the vertex around
        to change how the room looks.  Next, place the arrow somewhere in
        the room, and press scroll lock.  This puts the starting point in. 
        Pardon my artwork, but it should look something like this:

        _____________________________    The -'s and :'s represent the lines,
        :                            :   and the --> is your starting point.
        :                            :
        :          -->               :
        :                            :
        :____________________________:
        
        At this point, you can save and run your level.  Pretty cool, huh?
2.4 Your basic, two sector, horrible level
        After you've tried your new one-sector level, fire up BUILD and go
        to it.  If we wanted to make and elevated surface in the middle of
        the room for absolutely no reason other than to learn how, we would
        place the cursor somewhere inside our sector, and draw a new box.
        We'll call the box you just made "BOX B" and the other will be "BOX A"
        It should look something like this:
        ________________________________
        :   ________________________    :
        :   :                      :    :
        :   :      BOX B           :    :
        :   :                      :    :
        :   :______________________:    :
        :          BOX A                :
        :_______________________________:

        Now, click on the outer portion, and enter 3D mode.  Notice what it
        did.  You now have the new box as walls facing outward, and you can't
        go in the box that you made.  It's just walls.  We could leave it like
        that, but we want an elevated platform, right?  So, go back into 2D
        mode.  Place the cursor inside BOX B.  Now, hit ALT+S.  Notice that
        the lines that make up BOX B have turned red.  This means that those
        walls are "Two sided walls", and the box inside has now turned into
        what is called "Valid player space".  Go into 3D Mode, and watch what
        happened.  The room should look exactly like our one-sector room did.
        Utterly useless, but read on....
2.5 Your basic, two-sector, not-so-horrible level
        Ok, as I said, we are going to make an elevated surface.  But we just  
        GOTTA do some other things, right?  :)
        2.5.1 Floor/ceiling heights
                Go into 3D mode now, and point the mouse at BOX B.  To make BOX B 
                elevate, use the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys.  Try it with BOX B's  
                floor and ceiling, along with BOX A's floor and ceiling.  Our surface 
                is now elevated.
        2.5.2 Changing textures
                Well, we have our cool floor and ceiling heights, but we have
                to do something with that ugly grey texture.  Well, here's how:
                Point the mouse to the texture you want to change.  Hit the 'V'
                key.  You will now have a screen with that ugly texture, and
                you can go down and see the names of everything else.  It's
                like this because that's the only texture we've used.  Later,
                when we use more, the ones we use will show up automatically.  
                Anyway, for now, we want pictures.  So go ahead and hit the 'V'
                key again to get all of the items.  Scroll down till you find
                a cool texture, and hit enter.  The wall has now changed textures.
                2.5.2.1 Panning and stuff
                        Texture panning is a great feature.  You can scroll a 
                        wall up and down, possibly to meet other textures on
                        either side.  To do this, go into 3D mode.  Point to
                        the texture you want to pan.  Next, hold down the shift
                        key and use the arrows on the number pad to pan.  Cool?
                        You can also shrink and enlarge the texture (this also
                        works for sprites) by using just the arrow keys.  If you
                        ever totally mess up a wall, you can get it back by
                        pressing /.  If you like the way you panned or shrunk a
                        wall, you can hit the > key to do it all around.
        2.5.3 Skies
                If you tried to change the ceiling to a sky, and it looked
                all wrong, you can fix that very easily.  In 3D mode, point
                to the sky, and press the 'P' key.  This is called parallaxing.
                It makes the ceiling (or floor for a neat effect) look like it
                arches and goes forever.  Very cool stuff....
        2.5.4 Shading
                Well, to make it darker, all you have to do is point at a 
                texture and hit the + and - keys on your numeric pad.  To make
                the whole room dark, just shade all the walls.
        2.5.5 Slopes
                Slopes are quite easy, actually.  All you do is go into
                3D mode and point at the wall/ceiling you want sloped.  Then,
                use the [ and ] keys to slope.  That's it!

==============================
3: ONTO THE COOL STUFF, BUT...
==============================
3.1 Intro
        First off, please do not proceed unless you have read and
        done all of the above, or you will not understand anything
        below this.  Deal?  Ok.  Second, PLEASE read the following
        part... because if you understand it, you will be able to
        do this stuff ALL on your own. :)
3.2 Hitags and Lotags
        These are some of the hardest things to explain.  I'm going
        to explain it like this:  Lotags are usually defined by the 
        game, and they describe how something is going to act.  Lotags
        can be changed by placing the cursor on what you want to change
        and pressing 'T' for sectors, and 'ALT+T' for sprites.  Hitags 
        are usually defined by the user.  They explain where something
        is going to go to, or what's going to activate it.  For example,
        it could be where a teleporter is going to teleport to, or what
        switch a conveyor belt is going to stop for.
3.3 Sector Effectors
        Sector effectors are just what the name says.  They say what
        will happen to a sector when you blow that crack, flip that
        switch, open that door, or activate that touchplate.  They
        need Hitags and Lotags to go with them.
3.4 Locators
        Locators can determine where a Recon Control Vehicle goes 
        or where a subway turns or goes.  You get the idea.
3.5 Music & SFX
        One really good thing about Duke 3D is that YOU define the
        sounds that a door, lift, or just about anything for that
        matter makes.  Use this to say what sound these things make
        when used.  Stuff like switches, teleporters, and other things
        do NOT need this.
3.6 Checklist
        There are a bunch of things you must do before you make/upload
        a level.  Here's a checklist:
        Before starting on your level:
        [ ] I am comfortable with the editor I am using
        [ ] I have made my first level, and it sucks
        [ ] I have a good theme for my level
        [ ] I have planned it all out
        [ ] I have read this ENTIRE FAQ through, and understand how to do
        everything.
        [ ] I understand everything talked about in section 3
        Before Uploading your level:
        [ ] I have filled out a MAP authoring template
        [ ] I have a story line
        [ ] I have gone through EVERY part of my level so many times that
        I think I'm going to kill myself.
        [ ] I have had other people use my level
        [ ] I have tested my level using multiplayer

===================================
4: YOUR NOT-SO BASIC, AWESOME LEVEL
===================================

4.1 Intro
        Again, as before, PLEASE do not advance to this part of level making
        unless you have read and understood everything above it. :)  This is
        because this section will be the part where you really make your two-
        sector level AWESOME.  It is the stuff that was used in the real levels,
        and I'm going to explain to you exactly how to do everything.  If in
        doubt, I have provided separate .MAP files for each technique, and near
        each set of directions, I have put what .MAP file to look in.
4.2 Teleporters
        Map Name: TELEPORT.MAP
         
        Teleporters are some of the easiest hard things to make in Duke 3D, 
        so we'll start with them first.  First, make the following room:
        ____________________________________
        :                                  :  We'll call this fig. a.  The
        :                                  :  outside box is just your normal, 
        :                                  :  basic room.  Make the two inner
        :                                  :  Sectors (marked with a "T") valid
        :    ___        ___                :  Player space.  If you want to make
        :   : T :      : T :               :  it look good, put the grid size on
        :   :___:      :___:               :  the biggest one, and line up the 
        :                                  :  "T" sectors with the grid.  Use the
        :__________________________________:  teleporter tile for the floor, and
        raise the floor.  The next step is the hard part.  Place a sector-  
        effector sprite in the middle of each of the "T" sectors.  Since this
        is your first teleporter, make the Hitag for this sprite 1, and the
        Lotag 7.  1 is because this is your first teleporter, and if you made
        another, you would change it to 2.  7 is because that is that is the
        Lotag for teleporting.  That's it!  
        
        Notes:
        Note that whatever angle the sector-effector sprite is facing is
        the way that the player is facing when he/she comes out of the
        teleporter.  You could have the player come out facing a wall with
        10 aliens to his back...but you didn't get that idea from me! :)
4.3 Water
        Map name: WATER.MAP
        Like teleporters, water is very easy.  First, make a square sector.
        Put another sector in the middle of it, this will be the top of the 
        water.  Next, make a sector anywhere (except in the outer part of
        the first one).  One thing you must make sure of is that both of the
        inner sectors are the same EXACT size, and that they are valid player 
        space.  When you're done, it should look like this:
                                    Now comes the hard part.  We're working 
             ____________           now with the inner sector, since that is  
            :______B_____:          the water.  Sector A is going to the top 
                                    of the water,  so change that SECTOR's 
                                    Lotag to 2.  This signifies that this sector 
        __________________________  will be "on top" of the water.  Do the 
        :                         : same thing to sector B, but make the Lotag 
        :  ______________         : 1.  This tells the game that this sector will 
        :  :______A_____:         : be underwater.  Next, put sector-effectors 
        :                         : in the same place of sector A and sector B. 
        :_________________________: Just like teleporters, this is your first
        piece of water, so make the Hitag for both sector-effectors 1, and the 
        Lotag 7.  That's it!
4.4 Lifts
        Map Name: LIFTS.MAP
        There are four different kinds of lifts:
        1. Starts at top, comes down.  Ceiling stays put.
        2. Starts at bottom, comes up.  Ceiling stays put.
        3. Starts on top, floor and ceiling come down together.
        4. Starts on bottom, floor and ceiling come down together.
        These are pretty easy to make.  I would guess you know how to arrange
        the sectors (if not, look at LIFTS.MAP).  Here's how you make the
        sector tags: (DO NOT MAKE SECTOR EFFECTORS, JUST USE H FOR FIRST #,
        T FOR SECOND #.)
        All Hitags are zero, so put the following #'s for Lotags:
        1.  16 
        2.  17
        3.  18
        4.  19
        For best effect, put a MUSIC&SFX sprite in the lift sector, make
        the Hitag and Lotag (For MUSIC&SFX sprite) 73 for Hitag, 71 for Lotag.
4.5 Glass
        Map Name: GLASS.MAP
        Glass, believe it or not, is fairly easy.  The procedure is as
        follows:
        Make the following rooms:
        __________  _________
        :         : :        :  The sector in the middle should be valid
        :         :_:        :  player space.  Next, go into 3D Mode.  
        :         : :        :  Point the cursor to the ceiling of the middle
        :         : :        :  sector, and press 'M'.  An ugly brown texture
        :         :_:        :  will apear.  Press 'V' on this texture and
        :         : :        :  select the glass texture.  Next, go into 2D
        :_________: :________:  mode.  Point to the line with the glass
        texture.  Press 'B' to make it so you can't walk through the glass, 
        and CTRL+H to make the glass breakable.  You've got yourself a new
        window!
4.6 Vents
        Map Name: NONE
        There's no map for this because it is so easy.  All you have to do
        is the EXACT same as above, only substitute the glass texture for
        a vent, and make the sector behind the vent have that metal texture
        in all vents.  You might want to size down the second sector to make
        it look something like a vent. :)
4.7 Security Cameras
        Map Name: CAMERA.MAP
        Look at CAMERA.MAP for this one.  Pretty self explanitory. :)
        NOTE: The Hitags on cameras are how much they will turn from their
        original starting position.  Experiment!
4.8 Regular, DOOM-Type Doors
        Map Name: NONE
        This is easy.  I'm sure you know how to make doors in DOOM.  Make
        3 sectors, the one in the middle is your door. Make the ceiling
        come down to the ground.  Add nice textures, put a Sector Lotag
        of 20 for the door sector.  That's it!
4.9 Collapsible Bridges/Bridges
        Map Name: BRIDGE.MAP
        Bridges, despite what you might think, are extremely easy.  A 
        bridge is actually a sprite.  (Check BRIDGE.MAP for sprite #)
        To make the bridge collapsable, like in E1L1, give the bridge
        sprite a Hitag.  It doesn't matter what number, as long as it
        is unique to that bridge.
        NOTE: You may have to use the 'R' key on the bridge sprite to
        get it the way you want it.
4.10 Dukematch/Co-op ONLY Stuff
        Map Name: NONE
        To make an object appear only in Dukematch or Co-op play, go into
        3D Mode.  Point to the sprite with the cursor and hit the RALT+P
        keys.  (This is to change the palette)  Type in '1' to make the
        object "Dukematch-only".  That's it!
4.11 Fun With C-9
        Map Name: HOLE.MAP
        C-9 is the source of most of the explosions in Duke 3D.  Here are some
        facts:
        A.) If you shrink C-9 (Use > and < keys on numberpad in 3D Mode) all
        the way (widthwise), when you play the game you do not see it.  It
        can still be operated, but only by an OOZCAN, another C-9, or a crack.
        B.) A C-9 sprite can be activated by an OOZCAN, crack, or another C-9.
        C.) You can have a Dukematch-Only hole by making the crack Dukematch-
        only. (See 4.10)
        Well, that's it for the mile-long fact list...:)  Now, to be able to
        blow holes in walls....
        Step 1: Make the following sectors:
                         ____________________
                        :                    :
                        :                    :____
                        :                    :_A__:
                        :                    :_B__:
                        :                    :_C__:
                        :                    :
                        :                    :
                        :____________________:
        Sectors A, B, and C should be all valid player space.  We could have
        sectors A, B, and C as all one sector, but we want our hole to look
        cool.  So make it 3, and arrange the slopes of the floor and ceiling
        and the heights of the floor and ceiling until you've got a nice hole.
        Add nice textures, the stuff inside the hole will be what it looks like
        when blown out.
        Step 2:  Put a crack sprite somewhere.  It really doesn't matter where,
        it'll work just the same. I prefer in front of the hole. :)  Make sure
        that it's directly on a wall, though.  Give the crack a Hitag.  
        Something unique, not the same as any other cracks.  I used 213 in
        my map.
        Step 3: Place a Sector Effector *Sprite* in sectors A, B, and C.  
        Give them your unique Hitag, and a Lotag of '13'.  
        Step 4: Place a C-9 sprite in sectors A, B, and C.  Now, go into 3D
        mode.  Use the '4' and '6' keys on your NUMBERPAD to shrink the C-9
        WIDTHWISE as much as possible.  If you don't know what I mean, look
        at my map.
        Step 5: Go back into 2D mode.  Give each of the C-9's your special
        Hitag.  Now, the Lotag for the C-9's is up to you.  That determines
        how long it will be before the C-9 blows up.  You can have it happen
        right away, a long way away so the player walks up to the hole and has
        C-9 blown up in his face, or all three go at different times.  For now,
        just put 20 for the middle one, 40 for the left one, and 60 for the
        right one.  This makes a nice explosion, and is not bad for a 
        beginners hole.
        Step 6: You're done!  Play the level!  In future hole designing, you
        might want to know this:
        1. You can have the crack shatter as many sectors as you want, just
        make sure they are of all equal Hitags.
        2. If you want a HUGE explosion that'll last about 10 seconds, fill
        the ENTIRE room with C-9, shrink them all, and give them your
        Hitag.  Set them all for different times, and watch it blow!  Set
        records for how long you can stay alive with C-9 blowing up in your
        face!
        3. Have JUST C-9 blow a hole by replacing the crack with a C-9
        sprite.  Make sure it's not on the wall, and KABOOM!
        4. Use KEXTRACT to extract the original levels, get ideas from them.
4.12 Swinging Doors
        Map Name: SWDOOR.MAP
        These are EXTREMELY hard at first, but when you know how, you can
        do it with the snap of a finger.  I recommend you follow these 
        directions and make your own before you look at the example, because
        the example is very confusing.
        STEP 1:  Make the following sectors:
                                _____________________
                                :                   :
                                :                   :
                                :                   :__________
                                :                   :         :
                                :        A          :    B    :
                                :                   :         :
                                :                   :_________:
                                :                   :
                                :                   :
                                :___________________:
        They should be both valid player space, and the line separating them
        should be red.
        STEP 2: Now, we make the doors.  This is the hard part.  Go into 
        sector A and make the following:
                                 ___
                                 :  :
                                 :  :
                                 :  :
                                 :__:
        It is important that you realize that you must make the doors in a
        valid sector.  Doesn't matter which one, but a valid sector.
        STEP 3: You should now have something like this:
                                _____________________
                                :                   :
                                :                   :
                                :                   :__________
                                :                   :         :
                                :        A          :    B    :
                                :   ___             :         :
                                :   :  :            :_________:
                                :   : C:            :
                                :   :  :            :
                                :   :__:            :
                                :___________________:
        First, make sector C valid player space by moving the cursor in it 
        and pressing ALT+S.  Give it a Lotag of '23'.  Move the vertexes
        over to where the door will be.  The upper right vertex of sector
        C should overlap the upper left corner of sector B.  Sector C's right
        line should overlap sector B's left one.  Get it?  I hope so. :)
        STEP 4: Make another sector C, and place it below the old sector C.
        The new sector C's bottom vertexes should overlap the new sector C's
        top vertexes.
        You should have this:
                                _____________________
                                :                   :
                                :                   :
                                :                  _:__________
                                :                 : :         :
                                :        A        :_:    B    :
                                :                 : :         :
                                :                 :_:_________:
                                :                   :
                                :                   :
                                :___________________:
        I hope you understand this part.  If not, please look at SWDOOR.MAP.
        If you still can't get it, send email to gmoser@gramercy.ios.com.
        I'll try to help you.
        STEP 5: Now, the tricky part.  You have to put a sector effector at
        the pivot points of the two doors.  Sound easy?  Well, kinda, but
        you have to get it just right.  Turn grid locking off, and move the
        sprite to the corner, but not ON the corner vertex.  Just enough so
        that it doesn't touch anything.  Next, give the sector effectors a
        unique Hitag, and a Lotag of 11.  
        STEP 6: For the next step, the docs appear to be wrong.  They say
        change the palette number of the sector-effector to change the
        direction that the doors go, but actually, you have to point the
        SE's the way you want.  Check SWDOOR.MAP for more details.
        STEP 7: Raise the floor of the door up to the ceiling, add nice 
        textures, and you're done!
        NOTE: A door will not appear to work right when:
                The floor/ceiling is sloped
                The floor/ceiling is a different height than that of the 
                doors, from the beginning of the door to the end. (i.e. A
                door will not work if swinging off a curb)
4.13 Rooms Over Rooms
        Map Name: SOS.MAP
        This is quite easy to do.  First, make a big sector.  Make the ceiling
        high, choose some nice textures.  Make a place leading from that, and
        up a staircase or slope.  Go around until you get to one of the sides
        of the first sector.  You should something like have this:
        ______________________________________
        :      ________________________       :
        :      :                       :      :
        :      :                       :______:
        :      :                       0      0
        :      :  __________________________________________
        :      :  :                                         :
        :      :  :                                         :
        :      :  :                                         :
        :      :__:                                         :
        :                                                   :
        :                                                   :
        :________                                           :
                 :                                          :
                 :                                          :
                 :                                          :
                 :                                          :
                 :__________________________________________:
        Now, the two 0's are the ending vertexes for the sloped hallway.  I
        know they look nothing like it, but bear with me. :)  Now, start 
        making a new sector, starting from the 0's.  Make it inside the
        first sector.  DO NOT put vertexes on the lines for the first sector.
        just let the lines overlap.  Now, travel up your slope, and go
        into the sector you just made. Right now, it's at regular floor height.
        Just raise the floor, and you've got a sector over a sector!  If you
        need help, look at SOS.MAP.
4.14 Sliding Star Trek Doors
        Map Name: SLSTDOOR.MAP
        Sliding Star Trek doors, despite what you might think, are very easy.
        But, they can be very hard to teach by way of directions.  If in
        doubt, look at SLSTDOOR.MAP.  Pull it all apart.  
        These doors are just 2 sides that pull apart.  An example from the
        real game is the door leading out of the arcade in E1L1.
        STEP 1: Make the following sectors:
        _______________        ________________
        :              :       :               :
        :              :       :               :
        :              :___"___:               :
        :              :  : :  :               :
        :              :  : :  :               :
        :      D       : C:A:B :      E        :
        :              :__:_:__:               :
        :              :   "   :               :
        :              :       :               :
        :______________:       :_______________:
        Ok, now.  Sector A is what we will be working with.  Insert 3 vertexes
        on the bottom and top lines of sector A.  If you're not sure what I
        mean, the lines to insert the vertexes are marked with a ".  They
        should be side by side, parallel to each other.
        STEP 2: Slide the two middle vertexes into the exact middle.  They
        should overlap.  Next, take the top and bottom vertexes and slide
        them on the line that separates setctor A from B, and A from C. 
        Again, if you don't know what I mean, look at SLSTDOOR.MAP.
        STEP 3: You are now done constructing the door.  Add some nice
        textures.  Now, go into 2D mode.  Point the cursor to one of the
        triangles that you made by sliding vertexes.  Doesn't matter which
        one, top of bottom.  Hit the 'T' key and give it a Lotag of 9.
        At this point, you can use your new door.  To make the door nice,
        put a MUSIC&SFX sprite and a GSPEED sprite in one of the triangles.
        Give the GSPEED sprite a Lotag of 64, and the MUSIC&SFX sprite
        a lotag of 259.
        NOTES: 1.) The texture of the door will "squish" when it is opened.
        No way around it.
               2.) For some odd reason, the door's sound will play twice 
               when the door is opened.  No way around this. :(
4.15 Splitting Star Trek Doors
        Map Name: SPSTDOOR.MAP
        These have got to be the COOLEST doors in the game, and they're
        quite easy to make.  Here's how:
        STEP 1: Make a regular Star Trek Door. (See 4.14)  
        STEP 2: Go into 3D mode.  Choose nice textures.  Point the cursor
        at the triangle part, and make the floor and ceiling meet in the
        middle.  Keep in mind that the floor and ceiling of the triangles
        will be the floor and ceiling of the door sector when the door is
        open, so choose a texture like 1156.  You are now done constructing
        the door.  Just a few little things to go...
        STEP 3: Go back into 2D mode.  Point at one of the middle triangles.
        Give the sector a Lotag of 26.  At this point, your door is done.
        To make it nice, add a GSPEED and MUSIC&SFX sprite.  Give the GSPEED
        sprite a Lotag of 128, and the MUSIC&SFX sprite a Lotag of 527.  You're
        done!
4.16 Teeth Doors
        MAP NAME: TDOOR.MAP
        Another cool door, and it's real easy to make.
        STEP 1: Make the following sectors:
        ________________________             ______________________
        :                      :             :                     :
        :                      :             :                     :
        :                      :_____________:                     :
        :                      :    _____    :                     :
        :                      :   :__B__:   :                     :
        :         D            :    _____  A :        E            :
        :                      :   :__C__:   :                     :
        :                      :_____________:                     :
        :                      :             :                     :
        :                      :             :                     :
        :______________________:             :_____________________:
        They should all be valid player space.
        STEP 2: Raise sector A, B, and C's ceiling to match D and E's.  
        Leave sector A's floor alone, but make B and C's floor low enough
        so that you can't see it, even looking down.  Add nice textures.
        STEP 3: Give sector A a unique Hitag, and a Lotag of 29.  Place
        one sector effector in sector B and C.  Give the effectors the unique
        Hitag you gave sector A, and a Lotag of 22.  You're done!  You might
        want a MUSICANDSFX sprite with a Lotag of 166 in sector A, up to you.
4.17 Auto-Closing Doors
        MAP NAME: NONE
        To make a door auto-close, put a sector effector in the door sector.
        Give it a Lotag of 10.
4.18 Nuke Buttons
        MAP NAME: NONE
        All you have to do for a Nukebutton is put the sprite (#142) on a 
        wall, and give it a Lotag of '32767'.  Also, to end a level, put
        a sectoreffector in a sector and give it a Lotag of '65535'.  This
        will end the level when the player walks on the sector.
4.19 Secret Areas
        Map Name: NONE
        To make a secret area, put a Sector Effector in the sector.  Give
        it a Lotag of '32767'.
4.20 Sound List
        Map Name: NONE
        I'm not going to list all of the sounds and what theydo here, at
        least for now.  You have a list of them in your Duke 3D directory,
        though.  Open up DEFS.CON.  There is a list of all the sounds starting
        at line number 646.
4.21 Mirrors
        Map Name: MIRROR.MAP
        This is pretty easy to do.  Before you do this, go into MIRROR.MAP.
        Turn on no clipping (DNCLIP).  Walk through the mirror.  Weird?
        This is a hall of mirrors effect, and you are actually in the
        room behind the mirror.  To make a mirror, make the following sectors:
        _____________________________________
        :                                    :
        :                                    :    ________
        :                                    :   :        :
        :                                    :___:        :
        :                                    :   :        :
        :                                    :   :        :
        :                                    :   :        :
        :                C                   : B :   A    :
        :                                    :   :        :
        :                                    :___:        :
        :                                    :   :        :
        :                                    :   :________:
        :                                    :
        :____________________________________:
        Sector C is the room behind the mirror. As a rule of thumb, it should
        usually be twice as big as sector A, if not bigger.  The mirror will
        usually work if sector C is the same size as sector A, but sometimes
        if you look in the mirror at different angles, it gets messed up.
        Now, go into sector A, in 3D mode.  Point to the ceiling of sector
        B, and press the 'M' key.  Change that ugly texture to the mirror
        texture, which is number 560.  Next, point to the new texture and
        press the '1' key.  This makes the wall 1-sided, and there will now
        be a pink backround and you can't see into the other room.  Next,
        go into 2D mode.  Point to the wall that the mirror will be and
        press the 'B' key and 'CTRL+H' keys.  This makes the wall block you
        and hittable.  If you want Duke to say "Damn, I'm lookin' good!"
        when you use the mirror, give the wall (use ALT+T on the wall for
        Lotags, ALT+H for Hitags) a Lotag of 252.  You're done!
4.22 Conveyor Belts/Water Current          
        Map Name: CONVEYOR.MAP
        This is pretty easy.  Note that to make water current, it's the same
        deal, just put water on the floor and give the sector a Hitag of 1.
        First, make your conveyor belt.  Just a flat sector, maybe the 
        conveyor belt texture for the floor.  Add a sector effector.  Give
        it a Hitag of 24, and point it the way you want the conveyor belt
        to go.  That's it!  To make it go faster, put a GSPEED sprite in
        the conveyor sector.  Give it a Lotag of your choice.  The higher
        the Lotag, the faster it will go.  Look at CONVEYOR.MAP to learn how
        to make a switch turn it on and off.  Pretty self-explanatory.
4.23 Gears
        Map Name: GEARS.MAP
        To make gears, make a gear sector.  You know, make it look like a
        gear.  I didn't have the time nor the energy to make a whole lot
        of prongs on my gear, so I just made a cross.  Just the same.  Anyway,
        decide on a pivot point for the gear.  Insert 3 sprites on the pivot
        point.  Go into 3D mode.  Make 2 of them sector effectors, and one
        sprite #418.  Use relative alignment (R key) on sprite #418 to make
        it lay flat.  Go back into 2D mode.  Give both of the sector effectors
        a unique Hitag, not the same as all the other gears. I used 20.  Then,
        give one of the sector effectors a Lotag of 1.  That's it!  To make the
        gear sound good, put a MUSIC&SFX sprite somewhere.  Give it a Hitag of
        8000, and a Lotag of 89.  For multiple gears, do the same thing only
        leave out the sector effector with no Lotag.  
4.24 Subways
        Map Name: SUBWAY.MAP
        To make subway cars, first make a subway track.  Doesn't have to be
        too elaborate, something like a race car track.  First, we'll make
        the engine.  Make a simple square sector, for our first subway.  
        Later, we can make bigger and better cars, but for now just use a 
        square.  Make the square valid player space.  Go into 3D mode.  Go
        into 3D mode and do anything you want to the car... i.e. make the
        floor higher, put nice textures, etc.  Next, put a sector effector
        in the subway car.  For the Hitag of that sector effector, we'll
        use the number 1.  1 is because the subway is going to start at 
        locator number 1.  For the Hitag of the sector effector, put a
        6.  6 means that this is the engine of the train, and all cars will
        follow it.  Now, the locators.  Put locators (sprite #6) around the track.
        Each locator tells the car where to go next.  Look at SUBWAY.MAP if
        you need an example.  Now, put Lotags on the Locators.  It is 
        important that you DON'T give the first locator a Lotag, or the
        game will crash.  Give all the other locators Lotags going in 
        number order, from second to last. (Leave the first alone)  You have
        your self a subway!  If you need more help, look at SUBWAY.MAP.
        Now, if you wanted to make 2 cars, make another subway sector.
        Give the sector effector (you do not have to make new locators)
        a Lotag of 14 instead of 6.  If you want to have multiple trains
        on one track, give the first train SECTORs a Hitag of 1, the second
        a 2, and so-on and so-forth.  Also, to make it so the floor doesn't
        move with the car, go into 3D mode and point to the floor of the car.
        Press 'R'.  
4.25 Colored Lights
        Map Name: CLITES.MAP
        To make colored lights, make a sector.  Choose textures.  Change the
        palette number (use ALT+P) of the walls, ceiling, and floor to
        a number from a list below.  Next, add a sector effector.  Change
        the sector effector's palette, and give it a Lotag of 4.
        The only palette numbers for lights that seem to work are:
        1 = Blue
        2 = Red
        7 = Yellow
        8 = Green
4.26 Demo Cameras
        To make a camera in your level that will play back demos after
        they are recorded, put a sector effector somewhere (preferably
        where you want the camera :)  ).  Give it a Lotag of 27.  The
        Hitag is how far the camera can see.  Experiment a bit.
4.27 Co-op/Dukematch Starting Points    
        To make co-op and Dukematch starting points, put a Duke sprite (his
        initial frame) in your level.  That would be a Dukematch start.  To
        make a co-op start, give Duke's sprite a Lotag of 1.  Co-op starts
        should all be at the beginning, with the player 1 start.  Dukematch
        starts should be where no player is at an advantage, i.e. near a
        good weapon, etc.
4.28 Facts On Dimensions
        This was taken from the Apogee message base, and was written by
        Per-Erik Nilsson (perni@lysator.liu.se).  Everything is measured
        in units up how many times you press the PGUP/PGDOWN keys.  For the
        shooting ones, aim up/down was not used.
        Measure                                 Duke Standing   Duke Ducking
        Min. height for Duke to enter a sector       11*            6
        Max. height that Duke can walk onto           3             0
        Max. height of floor Duke can shoot above     8(9)**        3(4)** 
        Min. height of ceiling Duke can shoot below   10(9)**       5(4)**
        As above but using RPG                        11            6
        Max height of floor Duke can jump on to       20            0
        Min. height of wall to place tripbomb on      10            4

        * Duke can also enter sectors with a height of 10, but he will
        automaticly duck.
        ** Second number is when only some of the shots will get past

